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The city of Bern or Berne ((ドイツ語:Bern), ; (フランス語:Berne) (:bɛʁn); (イタリア語:Berna) (:ˈbɛrna); (ロマンシュ語:Berna) (:ˈbɛrnə); Bernese German: ''Bärn'' ) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) ''Bundesstadt,'' or "federal city".〔According to the Swiss constitution there is intentionally no ''capital'' ruling the Swiss Confederation, but in Bern you find governmental institutions, such as the parliament and the Federal Council. The Federal Court however is situated in Lausanne. The Federal Court of Criminality is in Bellinzona. The Federal Court of Administration and the Federal Court of Patents however are in St Gallen. Exemplifying the very federal nature of the Swiss Confederation!〕 With a population of 140,627 (October 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons. The official language of Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German. In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Quality of Living global city rankings – Mercer survey'' )〕 ==Etymology== The etymology of the name ''Bern'' is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as ''Bern'' in Middle High German. As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly '' *berna'' "cleft".〔Andres Kristol (ed.): Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen. Huber, Frauenfeld 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5, p. 143.〕 The bear was the heraldic animal of the seal and coat of arms of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the ''Bärengraben'' dates to the 1440s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bern」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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